Un avance decisivo en el conocimiento de los iones : la teoría de Arrhenius de la disociación electrolítica

The aim of this article is to have a better understanding of the development and evolution of the concep of ion, up to the present moment, since it was introduced by Faraday. We have focused our attention on Svante August Arrhenius, a very relevant scientist in the history of Chemistry, who made the most important progress in the investigation of the nature of ions, being the central figure in this field

A Study of Archiving Strategies in Multi-Objective PSO for Molecular Docking

Molecular docking is a complex optimization problem aimed at predicting the position of a ligand molecule in the active site of a receptor with the lowest binding energy. This problem can be formulated as a bi-objective optimization problem by minimizing the binding energy and the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) difference in the coordinates of ligands. In this context, the SMPSO multi-objective swarm-intelligence algorithm has shown a remarkable performance. SMPSO is characterized by having an external archive used to store the non-dominated solutions and also as the basis of the leader selection strategy. In this paper, we analyze several SMPSO variants based on different archiving strategies in the scope of a benchmark of molecular docking instances. Our study reveals that the SMPSOhv, which uses an hypervolume contribution based archive, shows the overall best performance.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

About Designing an Observer Pattern-Based Architecture for a Multi-objective Metaheuristic Optimization Framework

Multi-objective optimization with metaheuristics is an active and popular research field which is supported by the availability of software frameworks providing algorithms, benchmark problems, quality indicators and other related components. Most of these tools follow a monolithic architecture that frequently leads to a lack of flexibility when a user intends to add new features to the included algorithms. In this paper, we explore a different approach by designing a component-based architecture for a multi-objective optimization framework based on the observer pattern. In this architecture, most of the algorithmic components are observable entities that naturally allows to register a number of observers. This way, a metaheuristic is composed of a set of observable and observer elements, which can be easily extended without requiring to modify the algorithm. We have developed a prototype of this architecture and implemented the NSGA-II evolutionary algorithm on top of it as a case study. Our analysis confirms the improvement of flexibility using this architecture, pointing out the requirements it imposes and how performance is affected when adopting it.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Preparation of zinc peroxide nanoparticles by laser ablation of solid in liquids

We report the preparation of zinc peroxide nanoparticles (ZnO2 NPs ) by the laser ablation of solid in liquids technique. Experiments were performed by using the fundamental wavelength (1064 nm) of a pulsed nanosecond Nd:YAG laser operated at a repetition rate of 15 Hz. A Zn disk (99.99 % purity) were the target and 10 ml of 30% H2O2 solution was used as liquid medium. The per pulse laser fluence was varied. In all the experiments the ablation time was 10 min. The samples were characterized by Raman microspectroscopy, Calorimetry and TEM. Results show that ZnO2 NPs were successfully obtained by this method of preparation

Meropenem heteroresistance in clinical isolates of OXA-48–producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

OXA-48–producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates often show growth of colonies within inhibition zones in carbapenem diffusion assays. The nature of these colonies was investigated in a series of clinical isolates of OXA-48–producing K. pneumoniae obtained in the context of a hospital outbreak, and they were found to be persistent colonies that reproduced again the same phenotype when they were collected and tested in diffusion assays again. The frequency of mutations conferring resistance to meropenem (8 µg/mL) was determined for the same isolates. The average mutation frequency was 5.47·10-6 (range: 2.59·10-8–5.87·10-5), and the analysis of several resistant mutants showed that all of them had mutations in the ompK36 porin gene. Heteroresistance was investigated using population analysis profiling. The profiles were compatible with mutation frequency assays, and all the colonies analyzed were resistant mutants. In OXA-48–producing K. pneumoniae, the growth of persisters seems to be specific of diffusion assays

Shape detection algorithm applicable to solar estimation

[EN] This paper presents a bio-inspired hybrid algorithm for shape detection applicable to solar estimation in solar power plants. The objective is to locate and characterise the shape of a cloud over a solar power plant based on low level irradiance measurement with a small fleet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with direct normal irradiance sensors. Toe hybrid algorithm takes inspiration and adapts ideas of the ant colony optimisation algorithm (ACO) and also uses a standard cover area algorithm, separating the field into two grids, one for each layer of the algorithm, to find the area affected by the cloud. Once the low irradiance zone is located by one of the UAVs, the others go to help it. This team delimits the cloud border using concepts of an image processing technique. Finally, the algorithm is tested by simulations.[ES] En este artículo se presenta un algoritmo híbrido bio-inspirado para la detección de formas aplicado a la estimación solar en plantas solares. Se tiene como objetivo localizar y caracterizar la forma de una nube sobre una planta solar basándose en medidas de niveles bajos de la irradiancia con una pequeña flota de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAVs en inglés) equipados con sensores capaces de medir la irradiancia directa normal. El algoritmo híbrido propuesto se inspira y adapta las ideas del algoritmo de optimización de colonia de hormigas (ant colony optimization, ACO) y también usa un algoritmo estándar de cobertura de área, separándose el campo de la planta solar en dos mallados, uno para cada capa del algoritmo, para encontrar el área afectada por la nube. Cuando un UAV localiza la zona de baja irradiancia, los otros van a ayudarle. Dicho equipo delimita el borde de la nube usando conceptos de técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes. Finalmente, se prueba el algoritmo propuesto mediante simulaciones.Este proyecto ha recibido fondos del European Research Council (ERC) en el marco del programa 'European Union's Horizon 2020 and innovation programme' (grant agreement No 789051).Aguilar-López, JM.; García, RA.; Camacho, EF. (2021). Algoritmo para la detección de formas aplicable a la estimación solar. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 18(3):277-287. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2021.14765OJS277287183Aasen, H., Burkart, A., Bolten, A., Bareth, G., 2015. Generating 3d hyperspectral information with lightweight uav snapshot cameras for vegetation monitoring: From camera calibration to quality assurance. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 108, 245-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.08.002Acar, E. U., Choset, H., 2000. Critica! point sensing in unknown environments. In: Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No. 00CH37065). Vol. 4. IEEE, pp. 3803-3810.Acar, E. U., Choset, H., Rizzi, A. A., Atkar, P. N., Hull, D., 2002. Morse decompositions for coverage tasks. The international journal of robotics research 21 (4), 331-344. https://doi.org/10.1177/027836402320556359Anderson, B. D., Pidan, B., Yu, C., Walle, D., 2008. Uav formation control: Theory and application. In: Recent advances in learning and control. Springer, pp. 15-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-155-8_2Ashley, T., Carrizosa, E., Fernández-Cara, E., 2017. Optimisation of aiming strategies in solar power tower plants. Energy 137, 285-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.163Avenar, G. S., Pereira, G. A., Pimenta, L. C., Iscold, P., 2015. Multi-uav routing for area coverage and remote sensing with mínimum time. Sensors 15 (11), 27783-27803. https://doi.org/10.3390/s151127783Bar-Cohen, Y., 2006. Biomimetics?using nature to inspire human innovation. Bioinspiration & biomimetics 1 (1), Pl. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/1/1/P01Camacho, E. F., Gallego, A., 2013. Optimal operation in solar trough plants: A case study. Solar Energy 95, 106-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.05.029Camacho, E. F., Soria, M. B., Rubio, F. R., Martínez, D., 2012. Control of Solar Energy Systems. Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-916-1Cesetti, A., Frontoni, E., Mancini, A., Zingaretti, P., Longhi, S., 2010. A visionbased guidance system for uav navigation and safe landing using natural landmarks. Joumal of intelligent and robotic systems 57 (1-4), 233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-009-9373-3Choi, Y., Choi, Y., Briceno, S., Mavris, D. N., 2020. Energy-constrained multiuav coverage path planning for an aerial imagery mission using column generation. Journal oflntelligent & Robotic Systems 97 (1), 125-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-019-01010-4Choset, H., Pignon, P., 1998. Coverage path planning: Toe boustrophedon cellular decomposition. In: Field and service robo tics. Springer, pp. 203-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1273-0_32Coombes, M., Chen, W.-H., Liu, C., 2017. Boustrophedon coverage path planning for uav aerial surveys in wind. In: 2017 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE, pp. 1563-1571. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS.2017.7991469Current, J. R., Schilling, D. A., 1989. Toe covering salesman problem. Transportation science 23 (3), 208-213. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.23.3.208Daus, P. H., 1932. Toe march meeting of the southem california section. The American Mathematical Monthly 39 (7), 373-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.1932.11987331Dil Technology lnc., 2015. Phantom 3 pro user manual. https: //dl.djicdn.com/downloads/phantom_3/en/Phantom_3_Professional_User_Manual __ V1. 6 .pdf, accessed: 2021-01-18.Dorigo, M., 1991. Ant colony optimization?new optimization techniques in engineering. by Onwubolu, GC, and BV Babu, Springer-Verlag Berlín Heidelberg, 101-117.Galceran, E., Carreras, M., 2013. A survey on coverage path planning for robotics. Robotics and Autonomous systems 61 (12), 1258-1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2013.09.004García, R., Orihuela, L., Millán, P., Rubio, F., Ortega, M., 2020. Guaranteed estimation and distributed control of vehicle formations. International Joumal of Control, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207179.2020.1714074Jin, J., Tang, L., 2010. Optima! coverage path planning for arable farming on 2d surfaces. Transactions of the ASABE 53 (1), 283-295. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.29488Johnson, D. S., McGeoch, L. A., 1997. The traveling salesman problem: A case study in local optimization. Local search in combinatoria! optimization 1 (1), 215-310. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv346t9c.13Kuhn, P., Wilbert, S., Prahl, C., Schüler, D., Haase, T., Hirsch, T., Wittmann, M., Ramirez, L., Zarzalejo, L., Meyer, A., et al., 2017. Shadow camera system for the generation of solar irradiance maps. Solar Energy 157, 157-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.074Law, E. W., Prasad, A. A., Kay, M., Taylor, R. A., 2014. Direct normal irradiance forecasting and its application to concentrated solar thermal output forecasting-a review. Solar Energy 108, 287-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2014.07.008Nouri, B., Kuhn, P., Wilbert, S., Prahl, C., Pitz-Paal, R., Blanc, P., Schmidt, T., Yasser, Z., Santigosa, L. R., Heineman, D., 2018. Nowcasting of dni maps for the solar field based on voxel carving and individual 3d cloud objects from ali sky images. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2033. 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B1 Was the Ancestor B Chromosome Variant in the Western Mediterranean Area in the Grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans.

We analyzed the distribution of 2 repetitive DNAs, i.e. ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and a satellite DNA (satDNA), on the B chromosomes found in 17 natural populations of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans plorans sampled around the western Mediterranean region, including the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands, Sicily, and Tunisia. Based on the amount of these repetitive DNAs, 4 types of B variants were found: B 1 , showing an equal or higher amount of rDNA than satDNA, and 3 other variants, B 2 , B 24 and B 5 , bearing a higher amount of satDNA than rDNA. The variants B 1 and B 2 varied in size among populations: B 1 was about half the size of the X chromosome in Balearic Islands, but two-thirds of the X in Iberian populations at Alicante, Murcia and Albacete provinces. Likewise, B 2 was about one-third the size of the X chromosome in populations from the Granada province but half the size of the X in the populations collected at Málaga province. The widespread geographical distribution of the B 1 variant makes it the best candidate for being the ancestor B chromosome in the whole western Mediterranean region

Valoración energética y diseño óptimo de impulsiones con caudal variable

[ES] En este trabajo se presenta una metodología para la valoración energética de estaciones de bombeo que abastecen caudales variables. El caudal impulsado se caracteriza como variable estocástica mediante su función de densidad. Dada la dificultad de conocer dicha función en la realidad cuando no existen aforadores, se deberá estimar mediante la adopción de hipótesis racionales. Las hipótesis de Clèment se han usado para caracterizar dicha función de densidad asociada al caudal distribuido en zonas regables a la demanda. Caracterizado el caudal, se determina el consumo energético a partir del conocimiento de las curvas características (altura-caudal y potencia-caudal) de cada uno de los impulsores. La metodología presentada permite la evaluación de cualquier sistema de bombeo teniendo en cuenta la variabilidad del caudal.López, R.; Reca Cardeña, J.; Camacho, E.; Roldán Cañas, J.; Alcaide García, M. (1995). Valoración energética y diseño óptimo de impulsiones con caudal variable. Ingeniería del Agua. 2(1):19-24. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.1995.2653192421Clément, R. y Galand (1979) Irrigation par aspersion et réseaux collectifs de distribution sous pression. Editorial Eyrolles.Granados, A. (1990) Infraestructura de regadíos: redes colectivas de riego a presión (2a edición). E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.ITUR (1992) Catálogo comercial de bombas.López Luque, R. (1991) Optimización de sistemas de impulsión y distribución de agua para riego, Riegos y Drenajes XXI. 50:29-33.Mataix, C. (1975) Turbomáquinas hidráulicas. ICAI.Meyer, P.L. (1974) Introductory probability and statistical aplications. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachussets.Unidad Docente Mecánica de Fluidos (1992) Curso de ingeniería hidráulica aplicada a los sistemas de distribución de agua. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia

Aplicación de las técnicas de teledetección y SIG a la determinación y análisis de mapas de evapotranspiración

[ES] La estimación de la evapotranspiración es esencial en los sistemas de riego, en el cálculo de pérdidas de agua en embalses, en la estimación de balances hídricos, en las predicciones de escorrentía, así como en estudios climatológicos y meteorológicos. Las nuevas técnicas denominadas teledetección y sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) permiten el cálculo de la distribución espacial de este parámetro. Un nuevo modelo racional, SEBAL (Bastiaanssen, 1995), basado en la ecuación de conservación de la energía, ha sido aplicado en el estudio que se presenta. En este modelo se ha reducido el número de relaciones empíricas, además de presentar otras ventajas. El modelo ha sido calibrado y validado en una zona localizada en el Valle del Guadalquivir (España), a partir de una imagen del satélite Landsat-TM5 y de información climática. Posteriormente, el modelo ha sido utilizado con una resolución menor que la original por medio de un procedimiento de agregación de la imagen TM original. Este cambio en la resolución fue adoptado al objeto de comprobar la posible utilización de otras clases de imagen de satélite (por ejemplo, el NOAA). La evapotranspiración y otras variables obtenidas por teledetección se relacionan con ciertas características superficiales, por medio del uso de mapas de cultivos, suelos y mapas digitales de elevación del área de estudio.Se agradece a M. Menenti y W.G.M. Bastiaanssen del Department of Water Management in Arid Zones (DLO-Winand Staring Centre, Wageningen. The Netherlands) y sus colaboradores, todos los comentarios y material proporcionado para determinar la ET usando imágenes Landsat.Reca Cardeña, J.; Medina, JL.; Camacho, EF.; López, R.; Roldán Cañas, J. (1999). Aplicación de las técnicas de teledetección y SIG a la determinación y análisis de mapas de evapotranspiración. Ingeniería del Agua. 6(1):63-68. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.1999.2778SWORD636861Bastiaanssen, W.G.M. y M. Menenti (1989). Surface reflectance and surface temperature in relation with soil type and regional energy fluxes. In: A.F. Bouwman (ed.). Soils and the greenhouse effect. John Wiley & Sons. Chichester, Reino Unido. 541 -549.Bastiaanssen, W.G.M. (1995). Regionalization of surface flux densities and moisture indicators in composite terrain. A remote sensing approach under clear skies in Mediterranean climates. Doctoral thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen. Holanda. 273 pp.Camacho, E. (1991). Estudio de recursos agrarios del término municipal de Aguilar de la Frontera. Sin publicar.ERDAS Imagine 8.2. User ManualESRI. (1990). Understanting GIS. The ARC/INFO Method. Esri. New York.ILWIS 1.4 User Manual (1993). The Integrated Land and Water Information System. ITC. Enschede, HolandaMedina, J.L; E. Camacho; R. López Luque. y J. Reca. (1996). Determinación de la ET con empleo de imágenes Landsat-TM5 y su agregación a resolución NOAA-AVHRR. (Aguadulce, Almería, 11-13 de junio de 1996).Medina Minuesa, J.L. (1996). Determinación y análisis de la evapotranspiración a nivel regional mediante teledetección y sistemas de información geográfica. Trabajo Profesional Fin de Carrera, ETSIAM, Córdoba.Medina J.L; E. Camacho; J. Reca; R. López y J. Roldán. (1998). Determination and analysis of regional evapotranspiration in Southern Spain based on remote sensing and GIS. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 23(4):427-432.Menenti, M., W.G.M. Bastiaanssen, D. van Eick y M.A. Abd El Karim (1989). Linear relationship between surface reflectance and temperature and their application to map evaporation of groundwater. in: Adv. Space Research. Volumen 9, No 1, 165-176.Price, J.C. (1980). The potential of remotely sensed thermal infrared data to infer surface soil moisture and evaporation. Water Resour. Res., 16, 787-795.Roerink, G. (1994). The impact of satellite sensor resolution on the regional evaporation statistics in large-scale irrigation schemes. A case study in the Mendoza Province, Argentine. Interne medeling 312. DLO Windand Staring Centre, Wageningen. Holanda.Reca, J.; J. Roldán; M. Alcaide y E. Camacho (1996). Perspectivas de la teledetección en zonas regables. Riegos y Drenajes XXI. 89:34-39

Síndrome de parkinsonismo-hiperpirexia

El síndrome parkinsonismo-hiperpirexia (SPH), también conocido como síndrome neuroléptico maligno-like, crisis acinética o síndrome dopaminérgico maligno, es una rara y potencialmente letal complicación de la enfermedad de Parkinson. Clínicamente se caracteriza por hipertermia, disfunción autonómica, alteración del nivel de la conciencia, rigidez muscular y elevación de los niveles séricos de CPK. En la mayoría de los casos este síndrome es desencadenado por cambios en la medicación antiparkinsoniana, sea su retirada o reducción de dosis de forma más o menos brusca. Reconocerlo a tiempo y tratarlo adecuadamente (levodopa y agonistas dopaminérgicos) son elementos cruciales para una resolución favorable del cuadro clínico..